The latest reform measures of unemployment insurance

The latest reform measures of unemployment insurance
The whole plan of 2000 to 2.146 million the number of weeks to pay, but in 2002 reached 3.624 million, increase amplitude is larger.Federal unemployment in 2000-2000, according to balance of the trust fund fund revenue of $33 billion in 2000, spending $24 billion, $87 billion of balance of past years of account, but from 2000 to 2003 spending rose by $35 billion, about 2.5 times that of 2000 bills, when unemployment trust fund serious deficit, past suddenly, fund balance from $87 billion to $48 billion.Despite spending from 2003 in 2004 to reduce a little, but the balance of payments deficit is still, and of balance of past years to $42 billion.Unemployment trust fund which spending too much, bear the large financial burden on the government.Table 1:2000-2003 federal, state, (2) the experiences from the unemployment insurance program tax principle is challenged.The United States is one of the characteristics of unemployment insurance in inhibition of unemployment in the concept of organizational system, practice the experience tax principles, namely the employer to attend unemployed insurance plan three years later, according to the records of company before laying off workers of different tax rates, the tax system can inhibit the employer fire behavior.However, experience in tax rate will cause labor turnover of labor-intensive enterprises must burden higher rates of tax than other industries.In addition, the government found that some employers spalling of the original enterprise responsibility, through illegal manipulation, to evade tax experience principle.(3) between the federal and state interests.Currently funds must be turned over to the federal Treasury collection states of fiscal revenue, by the federal unemployment trust fund for unified management, but exist in the management system of the struggle between the federal and state interests, less return states complained that the federal funds, to meet the needs of the state.(4) the presence of fund pay system.Faced by people in the United States insurance fraud phenomenon, lead to the low efficiency of capital management.As the analysis of the unemployment insurance development report, the United States the United States unemployment pay rate is 9.92% on average in 2004, and the best five states unemployment pay management of fund pay rates only at 3.77%.If in 2004 the national fund pay rate can reduce the best five states to pay rate control levels, then improve the management of funds to pay can reduce the loss of a $2.1 billion fund.Second, the main measures of the bush administration in this social context, in order to promote economic development, maintaining the social stability, the fight for re-election, President bush proposed should strengthen and protect the labor in the United States, reforming America's employment and job training programs.1. To provide the unemployed again obtain employment account in the President's economic growth plans, Mr Bush to establish account of individual employment and Re - employmentAccounts), is expected to be effective to the termination of the treatment of unemployed people actively looking for work.Reemployment subsidies standards set by the state free accounts, highest can provide $3000 in subsidies to the unemployed, encourage them to participate in job training and employment auxiliary services help to rejoin it.States, in addition to these they choose to run a service, One - Stop center will also provide them with some of the basic, free again obtain employment service, such as help to write a resume, etc.If the unemployed to enjoy unemployment insurance and find a job within 13 weeks, they can also keep the subsidies in their personal accounts, as again obtain employment.2. The reform of the unemployment insurance management system reform in this field is mainly aimed at the federal and state governments in the management of unemployment insurance benefits dispute and put forward, the purpose of the reform is to promote the state employment guarantee agencies on the unemployment insurance management and control of flexibility, strengthen the state unemployment benefits for the unemployed.(1) to reduce the federal unemployment tax employers.In 2004 the unemployment insurance tax and financial reform proposals put forward to reduce the federal unemployment tax plan, the proposal is only in the discussion of federal and state governments, are not practical.Current federal effective tax rate of 0.8%, in order to promote economic investment and job creation, in 2006 began to appropriately cut federal unemployment insurance tax.Particular way from the states of the first year after the implementation of laws and regulations on January 1st, federal unemployment rate reduced from 0.8% to 0.8%, is expected in the system implementation in the third year of implementation of the federal unemployment insurance rate was reduced to 0.4%;In choosing independently bear the unemployment insurance management fees, the tax rate to 0.4%, the first year back to 0.2% from the second year.(2) the state control of the management of funds.Management of the unemployment insurance fund from the federal government to move to the states, the fastest in fiscal year 2007 will be the main fund management gradually transferred to the state, by state control their unemployment insurance all spending, this power down actually empower states greater autonomy, fund management of the main responsibility, so as to ensure the flexibility of unemployment benefits management, improve the efficiency of management of unemployment insurance.

In fiscal year 2007 the government's fiscal budget report to President bush in the 2007 fiscal year budget for employment training agency for $9.4 billion, achieve the goal of strengthen and protect the American workforce.Reform focus mainly has the following points: (1) the construction of the changing workforce investment system concept.Employment and training department has taken measures to establish the demand driven workforce investment system, this is Mr Bush's job training plan, to get the workers in the growing economic environment to prepare working ability.Labor training programs in 2002 total financial expenditure of $12.915 billion, $2003 in 14.104 billion, for $2004 in 15.892 billion.In addition the state will provide professional development for difficult employment of the unemployed account (CareerDevelopmentAccounts), is expected to account for career development, will be three times the number of existing national each year about 800000 people will receive the account.(2) improve the efficiency of the management of the fund balance of payments.In fiscal year 2007 budget reflects the employment and training department's commitment to strengthen the management of unemployment insurance: prevention and audit will continue to pay unemployment insurance phenomenon and employers pay tax illegal act.The federal government encouraged states efforts on review the fund balance of payments, to allow the states from their tax recovered part extracted and recover the funds as funding.According to insurance fraud behavior, the implementation of individual compensation levy 15% of penalties.Against insurance fraud behavior, require employers to set up the "start working" in the new hire report date, help employment guarantee agencies to identify those who have to go back to work but continues to receive welfare benefits.Empower states hire staff enter the new directory (NationalDirectoryofNewHires) permission, this state unemployment insurance agencies in extend unemployment benefits, can query whether the unemployment benefits to get back to work, but also in receiving unemployment benefits.
Promote again obtain employment.$3 billion budget required to expand again obtain employment plans and qualification assessment (REAs), by One - Stop center interview investigation to understand the unemployed again obtain employment service requirements.Through understanding the needs of the unemployed, so as to provide effective employment service, make the unemployment insurance beneficiary will soon return to work, to reduce dependence on unemployment benefits.At the same time, the qualification for long-term unemployment benefits staff, reduce the unreasonable expense.By expanding employment plan and qualification assessment again, can have benefits to save $1.5 billion a year.

, the trend of reform policy change is in order to cooperate with President bush on strengthening and protecting the American workforce, reforming employment and training programs.The author induces the policy reform from several trends: 1. Give states even greater autonomy, improve the management system of federal, state, in the management of unemployment insurance, employers and the state government believed that now the problems in the management system, employers complain about the federal unemployment insurance tax now is too high for them.States, on the other hand, when ask federal grants to help, often encounter setbacks, federal grants are very few, almost can't meet their needs.In response, the federal is put forward to reduce the federal tax rate plan, reduce the tax burden of employers, thus promoting economic development and create jobs.According to the social security law, the state revenue must be turned in to the federal budget, under the unified management of unemployment insurance funds, but the reform trend is weakened this request, the main unemployment fund management will be from federal move down to the states.2. Strengthen again obtain employment service, the transition of the transformation of the mode of employment services to the system and the government claims that has a lot to do, think the bush administration, improve workers' employment ability, speed up the development of economy, it requires hard work for the jobs of the 21st century goal make preparations for vocational education and vocational training, strengthen and protect the labor force.In this respect, Mr Bush to establish reemployment account such as active plan and job training, career development account.Reemployment subsidies account for the long-term unemployed again obtain employment, encourage the re-employment training, career development account change by the original management mode, set up independent fund reserves in state, saving management costs, make full use of existing resources.Workforce investment system in the past ten years has not been much change, it is no longer suitable for economic and social environment full of change.In order to adapt to economic globalization, the government proposed to establish the labor market demand oriented workforce investment system, give the individual's right to control the resources, to adapt to the economic background of innovation.Through investigating the unemployed to job training and employment demand, as the main basis of the system construction, so as to provide more effective service system, suitable for the unemployed.3. Qualification strictly, improve the management efficiency of unemployment insurance for a long time to enjoy the experience of unemployment could suppress the unemployed again obtain employment, so the reform of the long-term unemployed tend to be more strict qualification regulation, designed to inspire the unemployed job as soon as possible.At the same time, the government hopes to improve the management efficiency of unemployment insurance and so on employers evasion and personal insurance fraud review is more strict.Despite the 2007 budget to $1 billion to prevent and check the insurance fraud behavior of unemployment insurance, but it is expected that in the system of the first year of the implementation can recover lost unemployment fund has $770 million.To enhance the management efficiency of system, of course, need full support from the state, the federal government is not only down unemployment insurance funds management, but also encourage the state fund income and expenses of examination work, fully arouse the enthusiasm of local management.