Car insurance development course and current situation analyses

Car insurance development course and current situation analyses
1.The origin of the auto insurance (a) one of the symbols of modern insurance division, third party liability insurance car insurance is developed in modern times, it later than Marine, fire, theft, and against all risks.Foundation of insurance of insurance company accept insurance of motor vehicles is based on the practice of Marine insurance, fire, theft and comprehensive liability insurance experience.Auto insurance exceptionally rapid development, now has become the world's one of the main business risks of the insurance industry, even more than the fire insurance.At present, most countries adopt or legal insurance way of mandatory vehicle third party liability insurance, it began in the late 19th century, and together with the insurance industry has become an important sign of the boundary between modern times and modern insurance insurance.(2) the origin of the auto insurance - the UK 1. English law accident insurance company first opened in 1896, auto insurance, become the "first person" car insurance.At that time, issued a premium for 10 pounds, 100 pounds of third party liability insurance policy, auto fire can be added, but to increase the insurance premium.In 1899, auto insurance liability to the damages caused by collision with other vehicles.The insurance policy is issued by the casualty department general third party liability insurance group.Beginning in 1901, the insurance company to provide automobile insurance policy, has had the requirement of comprehensive liability insurance now, within the scope of the insured liability, increase the collision, theft and fire.In 1906, the British set up the auto insurance co., LTD., every year the company's engineering and technical personnel for free inspection insurance car once, its disaster prevention security consciousness ahead of other insurance superpower.

Implementation of compulsory liability insurance of a third party.After the first world war, the popularity of the British motor vehicles increased the burden of road transport, traffic accidents emerge in endlessly, some accident victims of the third party don't know which one should be looking for compensation for its losses.Aimed at this situation, the government launched a compulsory insurance of motor vehicle third party propaganda, and in the road traffic ordinance of 1930 into the compulsory insurance clause.In the process of implementation of the motor vehicle third party liability compulsory insurance, the government and in view of the actual situation to make many changes, such as issued by the insurance license, cancel the asked-for period insurance premium, modify the insurance contract style, etc., in order to compulsory insurance business and law perfectly.The implementation of the compulsory insurance that killed or hurt in the accident of the third party can get a variable amount of compensation.3.1945 years, the British set up the car insurance.Auto insurance in accordance with the agreement, the fund by the underwriter according to the annual
The proportion of premium income share 2 cars.When the perpetrators were not insured in accordance with the compulsory automobile liability insurance or guarantee slip invalidation, the victim can't get compensation, the insurance liability by car insurance, after the agency to pay compensation, can be in accordance with the law of recourse against the perpetrators.Britain is now the world's third largest country in the insurance industry, after the United States and Japan.According to association of British insurers, in the general insurance business in 1998, auto insurance business for the first time exceeded the property insurance, insurance premium, 8.1 billion pounds, car insurance premiums accounted for 9% of each household spending, it serves to show its important status.Second, the development of auto insurance mature (a) the development of auto insurance maturely, the United States is known as "a nation on wheels", cars have become necessities of people's life.Along with it, the American car insurance has developed rapidly, in nearly a year's time, auto insurance business has been the first in the world.2000 $1, 36 billion, total U.S. auto insurance premium car insurance premium income accounted for 45.12% of general insurance premium income.Among them, the motor vehicle liability insurance premium income of $82 billion, accounting for 60.3%, motor vehicle property insurance premium income of $54 billion, accounting for 39.7%.Motor vehicle insurance combined ratio of 105.4%, among them, the net loss ratio was 79.3%, the rate of 26.1%.The car insurance market access and market exit are relatively free, the fierce market competition, the relatively perfect laws and regulations, make the United States as the world's most advanced car insurance market.

The four stages of development of U.S. auto insurance 1. The car insurance.The United States began to cover the vehicle third party liability insurance is the earliest in 1898, issued by travelers insurance companies in the United States the first car bodily injury liability insurance.Car collision loss danger policy in 1899, 1899 open car body insurance business.2. Through the compensation ability of security law "and" mandatory auto insurance law "sentence without insurance fund is established.Legislative provisions, Massachusetts in 1919, the first car all people must be registered in cars, put forward the policy or to bond as a traffic accident compensation capacity of guarantee, the bill is known as the "security law of compensation ability.The purpose lies in the requirement for the implementation of the car driver accident the civil liability to pay compensation for the future provide economic security, but because of the guarantee of hysteresis, and the law cannot force every car users to perform the duty of compensation for traffic accident victims claims remains very difficult.In order to improve the practice, in 1925, the Massachusetts passed the automobile compulsory insurance law, and take effect in 1927, became the first American automobile compulsory insurance law issued by the state.The law requires all owners of the state should hold automobile liability insurance policy or have a payment guarantee.In the event of accidents, can ensure victims get economic compensation in time, and as the prerequisite for vehicle registration.Later, the other states also have passed such a law.3. Insurance company launched uninsured motorists.Because the sentence not insurance fund is managed by the state, so is the insurance companies accused of excessive government intervention in the insurance industry.In order to prevent the government from this behavior, many insurance companies began to take measures to spontaneous resistance.Insurance company launched uninsured drivers, provided to the insured in the car accident
3 therefore suffer bodily injury, while the driver is responsible, but the driver may be: (1) didn't buy car insurance;(2) although have auto insurance, but the minimum amount of liability limit is lower than the state's requirements;(3) after the accident escape;(4) although have auto insurance, but the insurance company claims rejected for some reason or go bankrupt.At present, most American states insurance supervision department has asked for the sale of car insurance companies provide insurance uninsured motorists.

Steam without fault on insurance.Compensation ability of security law, mandatory auto insurance, not get compensation judgment funds and uninsured motorists insurance although reduced in car accident is not economic compensation or cannot adequately victims of economic compensation, but still can't solve some problems such as the following: (1) the victim's claims process is both time-consuming and inefficient, often takes a long time investigation, it is very difficult, and ultimately to ensure that the evidence can prove the other drivers do have faults;Review (2) the lawyer's fees and other fees are from the last victim compensation to the compensation, so the victim even being paid, the compensation has also sell at a discount greatly;(3) although slightly the compensation of the injured get generally can make up for the economic losses, but serious victims get compensation on average less than 30% of its economic loss, even many eventually no compensation.As a result, some auto insurance system of the reformers of liability without fault is put forward in the 1970 s to apply car insurance legal system.

Legal system of liability without fault, the so-called refers to whether for negligence, the parties will bear certain legal consequences.A "pure" without fault auto insurance will completely cancel the rights of the victim to prosecute the perpetrators, and will provide a series of comprehensive insurance for the victim comprehensive economic damages.Of course, this "pure" without fault insurance does not exist, without fault auto insurance is only part of the state of the right to limit the victim to prosecute the perpetrators.Once the injury loss over a certain limit, the insured can still ask for compensation by means of prosecution.Through no fault car insurance, car accident victims being paid much faster and more convenient.(3) the insurance premium rate making and diversified scientific way of sales after years of development, the United States formed a complex but quite scientific rate calculation method, this method represents the highest level of international insurance market.Although states the calculation method of car insurance rates are different, but they have one thing in common, is the vast majority of states have adopted a level 161 plan as the basis of car insurance premium rate.Under the 161 plan the key factors of car insurance rate level there are two: main factors and the secondary factor.Main factors including the insured's age, gender, marital status, and the use of motor vehicles.The secondary factors include motor vehicle model, the condition of the car, top speed, using, quantity and insurant driving record, etc.These two factors together determine the insured to the level of fees.In addition to the traditional way of car dealer agent insurance, direct marketing way has been very common in the United States.Now the United States there are three main kinds of direct marketing way: (1) the use of the Internet development of car insurance market B2C mode.Car insurance business about 30% in the U.S. are acquired through the network direct marketing.Bypass the dealership agency this gap, transaction cost reduced, insurance rates down, naturally it also contributed to the insurance company's business expansion.(2) the use of a telephone appointment covered direct-sales model.This kind of

4 patterns is the advantages of lower cost, don't need a lot of investment to build network platform.(3) by the insurance company to the customer direct selling insurance.Insurance company business personnel can directly to the market or in other ways, the car insurance products directly to the front of the customer.The advantages of this approach is to save customers a lot of time, business people to answer customer questions for car insurance products face to face, excavate the potential market.Three, the rest of the developed countries and regions of automobile insurance market development present situation

Policy-holder bear some loss, Germany and China are similar, car insurance business is also the core of non-life insurance business in Germany.In 2002, the German car insurance premium income of 21.97 billion euros, accounting for 42.7% of the whole non-life insurance premium income.German insurance market openness is higher, there are more than 120 operation of non-life insurance company, the competition is fierce.GcJ is car insurance, market concentration is very low, nearly perfect competition state.Car insurance market share the biggest allianz group, in 2002 its premium income accounts for only 17.8% of the whole car insurance market.The top 1 automobile insurance, the company a market share of only 63.6%, there are two or foreign companies (Zurich insurance group and axa group).German car insurance marketing channel mainly by the agency.Agents can divide again for A company agent (A) and multiple companies at the same time agent (B) two kinds.Among them, by class A sales policy accounts for 74.4% of the total policy, through the class B agency sales policies accounted for 13.0%.A kind of agency sales policy is greater associated with the tradition of German car insurance business.In Germany, if policy-holder and underwriter is agreeable, car insurance policy expires but automatic renewal.Because German vehicles ChuXianLv is very low, so A class institutions have A relatively stable customers, and insurance company cooperation foundation is very strong.When German insurance company claims practice the principle of "punishment" responsibility, where each claim no matter how much money of, the applicant must take responsibility for up to 325 euros.The purpose of this is to remind the applicant to avoid accidents.German car insurance also implements the prize for best time.If don't need to insurance company claim accident a year, in the second year of insurance premium of this car will turn down a notch;However, once had an accident and the insurance company for compensation, then the following year the insurance premium of the three gear at the meeting.And the higher the premium of the gear, the greater the difference between the gear.

Social management function of auto insurance - the French car insurance market is a relatively mature and standardize the market, competition is full, rich products, market segmentation degree is high, property management fee of about 28% (one of the best companies can achieve 22%).France has 146 property companies and mutual insurance companies operating vehicle insurance.In 2002 the French car insurance premium income of 16.3 billion euros, accounting for 44% of the property insurance cost, equivalent to 1% of GDP in France.Survey showed that 100% of the vehicles purchased the third party liability insurance in France, 58% of the vehicles bought coverage, 82% of the vehicles insured DaoQiang and fire insurance, 87% of the vehicles the glass breakage.In terms of damages, the French in 2002, 4 million cases, the highest liability insurance indemnity, accounting for 50.3% of the total payment, coverage (33.9%), other plant nearly 16.8%.In liability insurance claim, involving people claim settling accounts for 10.5% of the total number of claim, but PeiKuanE accounted for 59% of total compensation.This is mainly because French law involving personal injury on the third party liability of indemnity is not set
5 because of limited.French car business area and scope of the insurance industry has been greatly beyond the connotation of the traditional insurance, automobile insurance industry increasingly prominent social management functions.For example, the insurance company in order to reduce drunk driving accidents, and allow customers to couldn't drive because of drinking in the insurance company to reimburse a traffic;In major holidays, the insurance company will timely in large entertainment facilities for inspection, and the driving after drinking can't provide transportation services;Some insurance companies set up internal auto repair center, provide the customer with car price guidance or to provide technical training to the garage, etc.Fourth, enlightenment to China's auto insurance industry

Car insurance is more fully embodies the insurance compensation and the safeguard function from the first automobile insurance policy to the government compulsory liability insurance, third party liability insurance policy to the establishment of car insurance or not get compensation funds to build up a judgment to the non-fault liability insurance, which embody the car insurance to protect the victim can get compensation for car insurance loss and doing hard.Insurance company is making profits, of course, but the major foreign insurance companies have more manpower material resources input on disaster prevention security, to achieve their own profits by reducing accidents.And when be or get out of danger when the customer, the insurance company will in various ways to provide convenient, such as in front of the fee, paid in advance, and provide alternative car service when customers car, this is not only to the victims to compensation, more embodies the human side of insurance company, so as to improve the market competitiveness of the insurance company.For this reason, many foreign insurance company car insurance business is negative profit, relying instead on profit to make up for the loss of the capital markets.While China's property insurance company or the car insurance business as a major source of profit, when be or get out of danger when the customer, the insurance company to find reason to refuse to pay, to delay compensation cases have occurred.And foreign insurance company, sometimes even is beyond the scope of liability to pay compensation, insurance companies also take into consideration the circumstances shall be compensated.

Car insurance marketing is given priority to with the agent to service the competitive car insurance sales in the developed world relies mainly on the agencies, especially in Germany by the agency sales accounted for 87.4% of the total policy.With the development of science and technology, national insurance companies also continuously explore new sales way, telephone, direct start rising share of the network marketing, network sales car insurance policy in the United States have accounted for 30% of the total business car insurance market competition in the developed countries, make each big insurance company shifted from price competition to service competition.Beauty of state insurance companies provide a wide variety of insurance program segment, for policy-holder according to own situation and preference to choose suitable for their own insurance portfolio, and when be or get out of danger when policy-holder, provide alternative car service to policy-holder, maximum convenience to policy-holder.The British insurance company first to check your car free for policy-holder, disaster prevention security awareness ahead.The French car insurance is known as the social management functions.